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THE TRAGEDY of the Ocean

-feat humans & pollution

Part 1: Tragedy of the Commons 

In his 1968 paper, Garret J. Hardin talked about the society's obnoxious pollution problem as a tragedy of the commons in reverse: "Here it is not a question of taking something out of the commons, but of putting something in..." And now, 50 years later, the tragedy remains well and visible, right in our Ocean. 

Part 3: Solutions to the Tragedy

To encourage specific pro-environmental behaviours, or discourage anti-social behaviours.

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Examples:

Plastic Bag Charge (Punishment / Monetary Fine)

"Bring Your Own" Campaign  (Reward / Incentive)

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Which is more effective?

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Government Laws, Regulations,
Incentives
Education

1) Change Attitude:  by informing the public on the nature and severity of the problem to convince them of the need of their immediate personal action.

Examples:

Documentaries - Plastic Paradise (2013)

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2) Provide Information: outline specific actions individuals can take to solve the problem.

Example: 

To informally develop and mutually enforce own rules of behaviour without involving government authority. Based on social pressure and sense of obligation. 

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Example: Modbury, an iconic ‘plastic bag-free’ English town,  was the result of a consumer activist alongside small firms changing communities.

Small-Group
Community
Management

To encourage proper individual behaviours, involving major intuitive, emotional and spiritual components.

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Example: The Singapore Centre for Global Missions (SCGM) conducted talks, seminars and workshops on Creation Care and Environmental missions in many churches.

Moral, Religious, Ethical Appeals

A combination involving all or most of the four solutions would be most beneficial..

Example:

The U.K government and 21 major retailers started a voluntary program to reduce the amount of distributed plastic bags by 25% in 2006. It ultimately achieved 40% reduction in the environmental impact of carrier bags and a great reduction of the numbers of bags in circulation in 2008 (WRAP, 2010).

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Incentives:

 

Retailers rewarded consumers to bring their own bags, thereby reinforcing pro-social behaviour.

Principles of community management:

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Engaging retailers to be more efficient in material usage; by reducing the amount of virgin plastic and increasing recycled content used to manufacture carrier bags. 

Educational outreaches:

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TV advertisements, magazines, and incentive schemes was highly effective in gaining consumers’ awareness to the value of recycling programs and to bringing their own reusable bag.

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Superstore ASDA's magazine did regular features on bag re-use to reach customers and briefed and motivated their staff through internal promotional channels. 

solution

PROPOSED SOLUTIONS FOR SINGAPORE

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